% Save file as: APGUIDE.TEX Source: FILESERV@SHSU.BITNET % This is the file APGUIDE.TEX % from version 2.0 of the REVTEX macro package. % % This file is part of a compuscript toolbox distributed by % the American Physical Society in conjunction with % the TeX author-prepared program. % % All rights not specifically granted are reserved, % American Physical Society, 1991. % % Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim % copies of the complete toolbox provided that the README file % and copyright notices are preserved on all copies. % Permission is granted to use the style files provided that % neither the content of the style files nor their names are changed. % APS macros may be used and distributed provided each use is % accompanied by an appropriate acknowledgment. % % For more information, see the README file. % \documentstyle[revtex]{aps} \begin{document} \def\SNG{{\em Physical Review Style and Notation Guide}} \def\UG {{\em \LaTeX\ User's Guide \& Reference Manual}} \def\btt#1{{\tt$\backslash$\string#1}}% \begin{title} Input Guide for \TeX\ Author-Prepared Compuscripts \end{title} \vskip .5in \narrowtext \section{INTRODUCTION} \label{sec:intro} In 1987, the Council of The American Physical Society authorized acceptance of \TeX -formatted author-prepared compuscripts to be submitted to the {\em Physical~Review A, B, C,} and {\em D\/} in machine-readable form. It is essential that author-prepared input be consistent and standardized so that the compuscripts can become part of the normal production procedures. It is only by routinely handling author-prepared files that this method of production will be economically feasible. This input guide contains basic instructions for keyboarding compuscripts using the {\em REVTEX\/} macro package, which works in a \LaTeX\ environment. This guide is part of the ``\TeX\ compuscript toolbox''; other items in the toolbox are the {\em REVTEX\/} macro package (several style files), test files, a README file (which contains details regarding installation and copying of the style files), and hard copy of the {\em Physical Review Style and Notation Guide}. For correct notation and style practices, authors should read the {\em Physical Review Style and Notation Guide}, furnished with the toolbox; authors also should be guided by recent issues of {\em Physical~Review.} %You may wish to supplement this input guide with %the excellent documentation available for \LaTeX : namely, %the {\em User's Guide \& Reference Manual}. %It is important that this input guide be followed %whenever possible. Compuscripts that do not comply closely with these instructions will be returned to the author for changes. {\bf Contents of this Guide.} In Sec.\ \ref{sec:gensubmit} we describe procedures for making an original submission (review purposes) to the Editorial Offices. Sections\ \ref{sec:conmailsub} and \ref{sec:e-mail} detail procedures for conventional mail and electronic mail submissions, respectively. Section \ref{sec:process} briefly describes author proofs. Section \ref{sec:filesubmit} discusses the specifications for file submittal (floppy, tape, electronic mail). In Sec.\ \ref{sec:instruct} we describe in detail several aspects of compuscript creation: the input of front matter and how to switch from galley to preprint format; paragraph formatting, hyphenation, quotes, and textwidth issues; section headings; basic input for in-text math and displayed equations; special character issues; footnotes and references; figure captions; and tables. In Sec.\ \ref{sec:xrefs} we have described the various autonumbering features of {\em REVTEX}; these features can be used to autonumber equations, figures, tables, references, and section heads. Finally, Sec.\ \ref{sec:samples} contains two sample compuscripts, input and output, preprint format and galley format. These two samples (one brief and descriptive, and another an actual published {\em Physical Review\/} manuscript) illustrate many {\em REVTEX} and \LaTeX\ features that are necessary to create a compuscript. Appendix \ref{sec:commands} is a handy list of some necessary commands that will be found in a {\em REVTEX} compuscript. This command list supplements the \LaTeX\ {\em User's Guide and Reference Manual}. Appendix \ref{sec:upgrade} itemizes the differences between v1 and v2 of {\em REVTEX}, for current users of v1. Authors who have not ever participated in the author-prepared program may wish to read Appendix \ref{sec:fastfacts} and Appendix \ref{sec:macros} at this point. There we give a brief overview of the author-prepared program and answer some frequently asked author questions. Appendix \ref{sec:contacts} lists the people and places to contact if you have questions about any services described herein. To obtain the most proper and expedient answer to your question, please consult Appendix E before calling or e-mailing the APS. {\bf Note on participating journals}. The compuscript program is open to all {\em Physical Review A, B, C,} and {\em D\/} authors. At press time, project development efforts had begun to expand the program to include {\em Physical Review Letters\/} and {\em Reviews of Modern Physics}. It is anticipated that {\em Physical Review Letters\/} authors will be able to participate in a compuscript program by December of 1991 (possibly earlier). Procedures for participation in the {\em Physical Review Letters\/} compuscript program will differ from those detailed in this guide, however, use of {\em REVTEX\/} will remain essentially the same. Please contact the authors of this guide for information on project development status for either {\em Physical Review Letters\/} or {\em Reviews of Modern Physics}. % Unless specified in Appendix \ref{sec:contacts}, questions regarding this Input Guide should be directed to Peggy C. Sutherland, APS Publications Liaison Office, 500 Sunnyside Blvd., Woodbury, NY 11797. \section{GENERAL COMPUSCRIPT SUBMISSION\\ PROCEDURES} \label{sec:gensubmit} Original submissions to the editorial offices can be made via conventional mail or electronic mail. Both methods are described below. Conventional mail submission is described, unless otherwise specified. When the {\em REVTEX\/} compuscript is ready to go, it should should be submitted to the Editorial Offices in conformance with the printed procedures in the first issue of each volume of {\em Physical Review A, B, C,} and {\em D}. The following procedures are those unique to compuscript processing. It should be stated in the communication accompanying the manuscript that the paper is to be considered as a \TeX -formatted author-prepared compuscript and the preference for file medium (floppy, e-mail, tape). See Sec.\ \ref{sec:filesubmit} for detailed file submittal specifications. The manuscript will go through the usual refereeing process and normal editorial functions. Frequently there are manuscript changes needed in response to referee and editor questions/suggestions. All such changes should be indicated in the correspondence that accompanies a revised manuscript and/or file. {\bf It is very important} that no undocumented changes be made to the file after the manuscript has been sent to the editor's office. The importance of this cannot be overemphasized. Publication delays will be experienced if there are any discrepancies, {\bf however minor they may be,} between the compuscript file and the manuscript that has been given to the editor's office. \subsection{Conventional mail submissions} \label{sec:conmailsub} Original submissions that involve paper copies of the manuscript and the postal system are conventional mail submissions. If the author has submitted conventionally, then the author should await word from the Editorial Office before sending the compuscript file; conventional submissions require that compuscript files be forwarded only after formal acceptance of the manuscript by the APS Editorial Offices. When received by conventional mail at the editor's office, the manuscript will begin the usual editorial processing route. The special handling needed for compuscript processing will be initiated. See Fig.\ 1. %%%Figure 1 is not in TeX format, therefore it %%%cannot be included in this file. As part of routine preprocessing for compuscripts, the author will be contacted to establish that the compuscript file meets the necessary requirements for inclusion in the author-prepared program. The author will be asked several questions related to the file. It is important that the author respond promptly to these queries. This information is critical for a compuscript to be included in the author-prepared program. It is not in the spirit of the author-prepared program to delay processing of a manuscript solely for the purpose of including the manuscript in the program. Therefore, if critical information is not available at the time the manuscript is given editorial approval for publication, then the manuscript will not be included in the program. In most cases, when/if accepted for publication by the % scientific editor, the author will be asked to send the compuscript file. (The exceptional case exists when the author opts to make manuscript corrections; see Sec.\ \ref{sec:process}.) %SHOULD GO ELSEWHERE The author should (1) modify front matter % for galley output, and %(2) \LaTeX\ the paper to evaluate equation lengths, shortening %or ``breaking'' equations where necessary before %providing the file. Frequently there are manuscript changes needed in response to referee and editor questions/suggestions. All such changes must be indicated in the correspondence that accompanies a revised manuscript. The file must be exactly represented by the latest (hard copy) manuscript that was sent to the Editorial Offices. If there are known differences, these should be itemized in communication accompanying the file. Delays will result if these instructions are not followed. \subsection{Electronic mail submissions} \label{sec:e-mail} Original submissions that involve machine readable files of the manuscript and an electronic mail system are electronic mail submissions. See Fig.\ 2. All such submissions and inquiries should be addressed to {\tt tex@apsedoff}. Manuscript submissions must include a covering message stating to which journal the paper is submitted and must provide a conventional mailing address. Figures must be forwarded by FAX at the same time that the manuscript is sent by electronic mail. The FAX number is (516) 924-5294; the FAX transmission should be marked for the attention of Debbie Stuart. Readable FAX copies of figures are sufficient for reviewing purposes only. Original figures should be forwarded by conventional or overnight mail as soon as possible. The file must be in ASCII and not contain any control characters. Line lengths should be kept to 70 characters or less. If the transmissions of the \TeX\ file and figures have been successful, an acknowledgment will be sent by electronic mail. If any problems are encountered by Editorial Services staff, the author will be contacted immediately via electronic mail and informed of the problem. If no acknowledgment is received within 24 hours, it should be assumed that the file was not received. Copies of the manuscript must {\bf not} be sent by conventional mail. Only original figures should be sent via conventional mail. A copy of the manuscript that has been generated by Editorial Services staff will be forwarded to the author. \section{PRODUCTION OF AUTHOR PROOFS} \label{sec:process} Ordinarily, editor and copyeditor changes are made to the file at the production site. (If the author opts to make all file changes, it should be so indicated in the cover letter that accompanies the manuscript. Please contact the authors of this guide for procedural details.) When/if a manuscript is accepted for publication, the manuscript and the compuscript file will be forwarded to production. Standard procedures for production will be in effect, and the author will receive the correspondence associated with routine manuscript publication. The manuscript will be returned to the author with the galleys. The manuscript will be thoroughly marked to indicate where file changes were needed, and the author will be responsible for thorough proofreading of galleys. Although the author has assumed the keyboarding responsibility and the proofreading responsibility, the production staff will still perform a complete proofreading of the article and will insert necessary changes. Requested tabular additions also will be inserted. Page proofs therefore should be carefully checked. Return the marked manuscript and the proofed galley to the address indicated on the galley and the necessary corrections will be handled by the production staff. \section{FILE SUBMITTAL SPECIFICATIONS} \label{sec:filesubmit} Please see Sec.\ \ref{sec:gensubmit} for important submittal procedures. Compuscripts should be submitted (1) on a DOS-formatted floppy disk, (2) on a UNIX-generated nine-track magnetic tape, or (3) via electronic mail. The tape/floppy should be labeled to indicate the code number of the manuscript, the names of all the files on the tape, and the return address of the submitting author. The following list indicates the acceptable formats and densities for the tape. \smallskip \indent\hbox to19mm{Formats:\hfil} tp, tar. \indent\hbox to19mm{Densities:\hfil} 800 bpi, 1600bpi. \smallskip The tape/floppy may contain one large file, e.g., BB1010, or may contain a series of separately named files, e.g., BB1010, BB1010caps, BB1010tabs. The code number of the compuscript does not have to be used as the file name or names; smithpaper, smithcaps, smithfigs, etc., will suffice. Upon receipt of the file(s) by the production office, the contents will be concatenated and assigned the appropriate production code number. The compuscript file will then be evaluated for various potential problems and compliance with the input instructions. Compuscripts may be returned to the author at this time if extensive changes are necessary. All bitnet receipts will be acknowledged. \section{COMPUSCRIPT INSTRUCTIONS} \label{sec:instruct} Author-prepared compuscripts should include the following parts in this order: title, authors, byline, abstract, suggested PACS numbers (1990 Physics and Astronomy Classification), main manuscript body, references, figure captions, and tables. The production staff will add verified PACS numbers. Specific instructions pertaining to various parts of the compuscript are listed below as well as a short annotated example of compuscript input. Formatting commands (macros) are indicated where necessary. Manuscripts should not contain any author-defined macros. Macros which are simple text substitutions can be ``expanded'' by the author before submittal. More complicated macros can create problems when the file is edited for production and should also be avoided. See Appendix \ref{sec:macros} for further information. \subsection{Front matter} {\bf Preprints vs Galley form.} The {\em REVTEX\/} macro package has been developed to accommodate the preprint needs of the author as well as the production needs of the APS. If you use {\em REVTEX\/} to prepare a manuscript for submission to the Editorial Offices, only minor changes are needed to participate in the author-prepared program. These minor changes are (1) modifying the first line of the file and (2) breaking long equations where needed. Guidelines for equation breaking are outlined later; front matter is discussed below. The editors of {\em Physical Review\/} require a large typeface with adequate space between typed lines for technical editing marks and wide margins for editor and author comments. This {\bf preprint format} can be obtained with the following front matter: \begin{verbatim} \documentstyle[preprint,revtex]{aps} \begin{document} \draft \end{verbatim} {\bf Galley format}, which is needed for production of the page that goes to the printer, is produced by the following front matter: \begin{verbatim} \documentstyle[revtex]{aps} \begin{document} \draft \end{verbatim} \subsection{Text} {\bf Paragraphs} always begin with a blank input line. {\bf Do not hyphenate} words at the end of a line; \TeX\ will do this. Continue to hyphenate modifiers within a line of text, e.g., ``author-prepared copy.'' {\bf Use curly quotes} for quotation marks around quoted text ({\tt ``xxx''}) not straight quotes ({\tt "xxx" }). [For opening quotes, this is two octal 140 characters (hex 60); for closing quotes, this is two octal 047 (hex 27) characters.] There are two commands that control the width of the text across the page in the galley format; \btt{narrowtext} will set the column width to 3$\case3/8$ in., and the \btt{widetext} command will set the text 7 in.\ wide. The \btt{widetext} command is needed to set very long equations. See the section on displayed math, below. Neither \btt{narrowtext} or \btt{widetext} have any effect on the output if the front matter calls for the preprint form. The preprint output is a uniform 6 in.\ throughout. Don't use \btt{smallskip}, \btt{bigskip}, or any other vertical motion commands. Horizontal motion commands are unnecessary as well. \subsection{Section headings} Three levels of headings are provided in {\em REVTEX\/}: {\tt section}, {\tt subsection}, and {\tt subsubsection}. Precede the section heading with the \btt{nonum} command to suppress the automatic numbering; e.g., \begin{verbatim} \nonum\section{Introduction} \end{verbatim} To label a section heading for cross referencing use the \btt{label} command {\em after\/} the heading; e.g., \begin{verbatim} \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} \end{verbatim} \subsection{In-text math} {\em Physical Review\/} uses the delimiter \$ for any \TeX\ in-line math, e.g., \begin{quote} {the quantity $a^z$} \end{quote} is obtained from the input \begin{verbatim} the quantity $a^z$ \end{verbatim} Another example of in-line math is \smallskip \leftline{\bf input:} \begin{verbatim} ... difference between $\langle J_z \rangle (t)$ and $\langle J_z\rangle_{\rm HF}(t) ...$ \end{verbatim} \leftline{\bf output:} \begin{quote} ... difference between $\langle J_z \rangle (t)$ and $\langle J_z \rangle_{\rm HF}(t) ...$ \end{quote} \smallskip Standard mathematical style conventions are followed for in-line math such as smaller point size for superscripts/subscripts, appropriate use of roman, italic, and Greek fonts, and the use of special math symbols. (See the {\em Style and Notation Guide} for help.) \TeX\ will take care of setting the point size appropriately for variables and numbers in the superscript/subscript position. To get the appropriately sized superscript/subscript in the roman font, use the \btt{rm} command: \smallskip \begin{quote} \leftline{\bf input:} \begin{verbatim} $... J_{\rm HF}(t) ...$ \end{verbatim} \end{quote} \leftline{\bf output:} \begin{quote} $... J_{\rm HF}(t) ...$ \end{quote} \smallskip \TeX\ will assume that you want the superscript or subscript to consist of the first {\em token\/} (generally a single character or command) following the \^{} or \_, {\em unless\/} you use curly brackets to delimit the subscript/superscript. It is safest to use the curly brackets if unsure. The curly brackets here also serve to limit the scope of the {\tt\string\rm} command. Again, don't use any vertical motion commands in math; horizontal motion commands are unnecessary as well. \subsection{Displayed equations} The most common (and preferred) type of displayed equation in {\em Physical Review\/} is a narrow, {\bf indented single-line equation, with an equation number on the same line}. Try to set as many equations as you can in this way. Because some equations are longer than this type of styling will allow, there are other types of displays to accommodate longer equations. Equations can be set flush left with the margin if they do not fit in the column; dropping the equation numbers to the line below the equation will also help and is handled automatically by {\em REVTEX\/} for single-line equations. Breaking the equation into multiline format may be necessary for very long equations. If an equation needs to be broken into more than four lines, it should be set in a wide column for ease of reading, using the \btt{widetext} command. The author should return to \btt{narrowtext} as soon as possible after one or more very long equations. In Sample Compuscript A, we have illustrated how to obtain each of the above. \subsubsection{Numbering displayed equations} The {\em REVTEX\/} macro package allows two methods for numbering equations: you can assign your own equation numbers or you can allow {\em REVTEX\/} to number for you. Use the command \btt{eqnum}$\{${\em thenumber}$\}$ to number your own equations. You can also use this command to produce a specific equation number not normally obtainable; $(1')$, for example. For automatically numbered single-line and multiline equations, use the {\tt equation} and {\tt eqnarray} environments. You can use the \btt{[},\btt{]} commands and the {\tt eqnarray$\ast$} environment for unnumbered single-line and multiline equations, respectively. The command \btt{nonumber} will suppress the numbering on a single line of an eqnarray. If you wish a series of equations to be a lettered sequence, e.g., (1a), (1b), and (1c), just include the equations or eqnarray within the {\tt mathletters} environment. Finally, to have {\em REVTEX\/} number equations by section, use the {\tt eqsecnum} style option. See Sample Compuscript A to see examples of how all this works. \subsubsection{Cross-referencing displayed equations} Authors will probably not cross-reference every equation in text. When a numbered equation needs to be referred to in text by its number, the \btt{label\{{\em tag}\}} and \btt{ref\{{\em tag}\}} commands should be used. The \btt{label} command is used within the equation or the eqnarray line to be referenced: \smallskip \leftline{\bf input:} \begin{verbatim} \begin{equation} A=B \label{pauli} \end{equation} ... It follows from Eq.\ (\ref{pauli}) that this is the case ... \end{verbatim} \leftline{\bf output:} \begin{equation} A=B \label{pauli} \end{equation} ... It follows from Eq.\ (\ref{pauli}) that this is the case ... \smallskip Please note the parentheses surrounding the command. They are necessary for proper output. You can also label individual lines in an eqnarray. Numbers produced with \btt{eqnum} can also be cross-referenced: just follow the \btt{eqnum} command with a \btt{label} command. Please see Sec.\ \ref{sec:xrefs} for further information about cross-referencing. \subsection{Special Characters} Authors should avoid the use of specially designed ``define characters'' and choose symbols from those shown in the {\em \LaTeX\ User's Guide \& Reference Manual}. There is no guarantee that a specially designed definition will produce the desired results at the production installation. If a special symbol is required and not listed in the \UG , please request special consideration in the cover letter accompanying the file submittal. The copyeditor will make note of it and the production staff will attempt to accommodate the author. Unusual characters are subject to approval by the editor. \subsection{Footnotes and references} The list of references should appear after the main body of the paper. Please refer to the \SNG\ and recent issues of {\em Physical Review\/} for current style. Sample Compuscript A shows examples of a variety of reference entries, e.g., journal, book, byline, and private communication. References will be listed in the reference section using the \btt{bibitem} command, and they will be cited in text using the \btt{cite} command. A byline footnote and the first reference cited may appear in the reference section like this: \smallskip \begin{verbatim} \begin{references} \bibitem[*]{AAAuth}Present Address: Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, 11973. \bibitem{tal82}Y. Tal and L. J. Bartolotti, J. Chem. Phys. {\bf 76}, 4056 (1982). \end{references} \end{verbatim} \smallskip The {\tt [*]} represents an optional, author-specified reference label. If a reference label is not present, {\em REVTEX\/} will assign the next available reference number. {\tt$\{$tal82$\}$} is a tag; it can be any string of letters and numbers that you will easily associate with the reference. This tag will be used in text to tell \TeX\ what reference you want to cite. See the example below. \bigskip \leftline{\bf input:} \begin{verbatim} ... This has been noted previously \cite{tal82}. \end{verbatim} \leftline{\bf output:} \begin{quote} ... This has been noted previously \cite{tal82}. \end{quote} \smallskip Input for an author name with a byline footnote is similar, but the output is different: \bigskip \leftline{\bf input:} \begin{verbatim} \author{A. A. Author\cite{AAAuth}} \end{verbatim} \leftline{\bf output:} \author{A. A. Author\cite{AAAuth}} \bigskip (See the \SNG\ for details on proper usage of byline footnotes.) Output (galley form) in the reference section for the footnote and reference samples above will look like this: \begin{references} \bibitem[*]{AAAuth}Present Address: Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, 11973. \bibitem{tal82}Y. Tal and L. J. Bartolotti, J. Chem. Phys. {\bf 76}, 4056 (1982). \end{references} \bigskip \leftline{\bf Quick guide to references:} \smallskip $\bullet$ The \btt{bibitem} command begins a reference. $\bullet$ References should be listed in the reference section in the order in which they are first cited in the text. (See next item.) $\bullet$ References will automatically be numbered by {\em REVTEX\/} in the order in which they occur in the reference section, unless the author provides his/her own label. $\bullet$ The {\tt$\{$tal82$\}$} is a tag; it can be any string of letters and numbers that you will easily associate with the reference. This tag will be used in text to tell \TeX\ what reference you want to cite. $\bullet$ Footnotes to the byline should precede the references and should not be numbered. Provide a label in square brackets following the \btt{label} command. For {\em Physical Review A, B, C,} and {\em D,} use [{\tt*}], [\btt{dag}], [\btt{ddag}], [\btt{S}], [{\tt**}], [\btt{dag}\btt{dag}], [\btt{ddag}\btt{ddag}], [\btt{S}\btt{S}] in the order listed. This conforms to the requirements detailed in {\em The Style and Notation Guide}. \bigskip \subsection{Figure captions} Figure captions are a part of the compuscript and should appear after the references. They should be input sequentially in the order in which they are cited in the text; \LaTeX\ will label and number the captions FIG.~1, FIG.~2, etc. Note below the use of the \btt{label} command; this is used to cross-reference figures in text. The \btt{label} command should be inserted after the text of the figure caption, before the final curly bracket. \smallskip \leftline{\bf input:} \begin{verbatim} \figure{Text of first caption.\label{fig1}} \figure{This is the second caption: comparison of the differential cross sections for the subprocess $qg \rightarrow qggg$ of our approximation (dotted line) versus the approximation of Maxwell together with the use of the effective structure function approximation(solid line).\label{fig2}} \end{verbatim} \leftline{\bf output:} \figure{Text of first caption.\label{fig1}} \figure{This is the second caption: comparison of the differential cross sections for the subprocess $qg \rightarrow qggg$ of our approximation (dotted line) versus the approximation of Maxwell together with the use of the effective structure function approximation (solid line).\label{fig2}} \bigskip Figures are cited in text with the use of the \btt{ref} command: \smallskip \leftline{\bf input:} \begin{verbatim} ...It can be seen from Fig.\ \ref{fig1} that the data are inconsistent with this conclusion... \end{verbatim} \leftline{\bf output:} \smallskip ...It can be seen from Fig.\ \ref{fig1} that the data are inconsistent with this conclusion... \smallskip \noindent Further information on cross-referencing can be found in Sec.~\ref{sec:xrefs}. Figures and illustrations are submitted as originals or glossy prints. Follow the rules in the \SNG\ for style and specifications. \subsection{Tables} Tables are a part of the compuscript and should appear at the end of the file. Every table must have a complete caption and the correct number of descriptive column headings. Tables may be narrow (8.6~cm or 3.4~in.\ wide), medium (14~cm or 5.5~in.\ wide), or wide (17.8~cm or 7.0~in.\ wide), in galley format. An example of each appears in the sample compuscript input. Tables will be sized at the production site to be set narrow, medium, or wide (according to the number of columns, type of material, etc.). (When using the preprint form for {\em REVTEX\/}, all tables will be set 6~in.\ wide. {\em REVTEX\/} will ignore \btt{narrowtext}, \btt{mediumtext}, and \btt{widetext} commands if the front matter of the file calls for the preprint form.) Each table must begin with \btt{begin}$\{${\tt table}$\}$, and end with \btt{end}$\{${\tt table}$\}$. Follow current {\em Physical Review\/} style concerning placement of table lines. (See examples in this guide and recent issues of {\em Physical Review}.) The table commands will set double horizontal lines appearing at the beginning and end of the table; a single horizontal rule should be set after the column headings with the use of the \btt{tableline} command. Extra sets of column headings within the table will require another \btt{tableline} to separate the headings from the column entries. Do not insert any other horizontal or vertical lines in the body of the table. Since tables are automatically numbered, the \btt{label} command is used with the \btt{ref} command to cite tables in text. The \btt{label} command should appear after the \btt{end}{\tt $\{$tabular$\}$ }and before the \btt{end}{\tt$\{$table$\}$} command. \bigskip \leftline{\bf Some special table considerations:} \smallskip $\bullet$ {\em Numerical columns\/} should align on the decimal point (or decimal points if more than one is present). See Sample Compuscript A. $\bullet$ Use \$ delimiters for all math in a table (no displayed equation commands). See Sample Compuscript A. $\bullet$ {\em Footnotes\/} in a table must be labeled a, b, c, etc. See Sample Compuscript A. $\bullet$ {\em Extra wide tables\/} that will not fit into the 17.8-cm or 7.0-in.\ designation can be manipulated by the production staff to produce a turned table that will appear lengthwise on a page. A cover letter requesting this special handling should accompany tape submittal. The author can use the \btt{squeezetable} command with tables that do not fit on the page. \bigskip Authors should consider the feasibility of depositing extensive tabular material in the Physics Auxiliary Publication Service of the American Institute of Physics. This material will usually be included in the Microfilm edition of the {\em Physical~Review}. For details, please write to the Editorial Office. \section{CROSS-REFERENCING} \label{sec:xrefs} {\em REVTEX\/} has built-in features for autonumbering of section headings, equations, tables, and figures. This section contains a simplified explanation of cross-referencing features. The format for using these features with section headings, equations, tables, and figures is discussed in the appropriate section. Cross-referencing depends upon the use of ``tags,'' which are defined by the user. The \btt{label} command is used to identify tags for \TeX . Tags are strings of characters that serve to label equations, tables, and figures, so that you don't need to know what number {\em REVTEX\/} has assigned to the item in order to talk about it in text. You will need to \LaTeX\ the original file more than once to ensure that the tags have been properly linked to appropriate numbers. If you add any tags, you will need to \LaTeX\ more than once in subsequent work sessions: \LaTeX\ will display an error message that ends with {\tt ... Rerun to get cross-references right}. If you see that message, \LaTeX\ the file again. If the error message appears after two \LaTeX ings, please check your labels; you probably have referred to an item in text without tagging the item. You may not need to know (or care to know) all about what \LaTeX\ is doing for autonumbering; however, you may want to know that when you \LaTeX\ the file for the first time, an auxiliary file with the {\tt .aux} filename extension will be created that connects numbers with their tags. Subsequent \LaTeX ing accesses the auxiliary file to put the proper number in the text. Sample Compuscript A illustrates the use of cross-referencing. \widetext \section{COMPUSCRIPT SAMPLES} \label{sec:samples} In the following pages is a short annotated sample compuscript (Sample A) in input and output form. The various parts of the compuscript are explained as well as the associated galley formatting commands (macros). The input follows the output. The {\em REVTEX\/} galley macro package produces single-column galleys (sometimes double-column width for long equations, wide figures, and tables). The galleys are sent to the art department where the output and figures are combined in a two-column format onto camera-ready boards that are then sent to the printer. Please review the various sections of the output and compare to the input. For a more comprehensive example of compuscript input, see Sample Compuscript B (galley format and preprint format). \subsection{Sample Compuscript A} %% NOTE: %% The compuscript sample that appears here in the Input Guide %% is actually the file SMPLEA.TEX, and is included separately in the %% toolbox. \subsection{Sample Compuscript B -- Galley Format} %% NOTE: %% The compuscript sample that appears here in the Input Guide %% is actually the file SMPLEB.TEX, and is included separately in the %% toolbox. \subsection{Sample Compuscript B -- Preprint Format} %% NOTE: %% The compuscript sample that appears here in the Input Guide %% is actually the file SMPLEC.TEX, and is included separately in the %% toolbox. \mediumtext \appendix{Command list} \label{sec:commands} In the following pages is a brief description of some necessary commands. Those commands that are unique to {\em REVTEX\/} are so noted with {\tt (R)}. Please consult the \LaTeX\ {\em User's Guide and Reference Manual\/} if you have further questions regarding \LaTeX\ commands. If commands require arguments, they are so noted with \#{\tt 1}, \#{\tt 2}, etc. The commands are in order of their probable occurrence in a file. \vskip .5in \begin{verbatim} \documentstyle[#1]{aps} Will allow for proper formatting of paper; use [preprint,revtex] for #1 if preprint format is desired, and use [revtex] for #1 if galley format is desired. To number equations by section, use the eqsecnum option: [revtex,eqsecnum]. \tightenlines Preprint style outputs a double-spaced manuscript. When used in preprint style, this command reverts to single spacing to save paper. Has no effect in galley style. Use before \begin{document}. (R) \begin{document}, Necessary in the beginning and end of file. \end{document} \preprint{#1} When used as the first command of a document, places #1 at the top right corner of the first page in preprint style. Used for site-specific preprint numbers. (R) \draft Omission of this command will cause printing of PACS numbers to be stifled. (R) \begin{title}, Signals beginning or end of title. The title \end{title} should be broken with the \\ command. \author{#1} #1 represents a list of authors. Use \\ to force linebreaks. \begin{instit}, Signals beginning or end of an author's address \end{instit} (institution). The address should be broken with \\ if necessary. \receipt{#1} #1 represents the date of receipt at the Editorial Offices. This date will be inserted at the production site. (R) \begin{abstract}, Signals the beginning or end of the abstract. \end{abstract} \pacs{#1} #1 represents valid PACS numbers. This command should be used after the abstract, even if #1 is empty. (R) \narrowtext For galley format, will set all text that follows into a 3 3/8 in. column. Does not affect preprint output. (R) \mediumtext For galley format, will set figure captions and tables 5 1/2 in. wide. Does not affect preprint output. (R) \widetext For galley format, will set all text that follows into a 7 in. wide column. Does not affect preprint output. (R) \section{#1} #1 represents a primary heading. Fragile commands should be preceded by \protect. \subsection{#1} #1 represents a secondary heading. Fragile commands should be preceded by \protect. \subsubsection{#1} #1 represents a third-level heading. Fragile commands should be preceded by \protect. \cite{#1} Sets a reference or byline footnote citation. #1 represents a list of reference tags used with \bibitem. Lists of consecutive numbers will be collapsed; e.g., 1,2,3 will become 1-3. \case{#1}/{#2} Sets textstyle (smaller) fractions in displayed equations. #1 is the numerator, #2 is denominator. (R) \openone Produces an openface one. (R) \alt,\agt Produce "approximately less than" and "approximately greater than" signs, respectively, in math mode. (R) \FL Sets the displayed equation that follows flush left with the margin. (R) \FR Sets the displayed equation that follows flush right. (R) \[,\] Signals beginning or end of unnumbered displayed equation. \begin{eqnarray}, Signals beginning or end of multiline \end{eqnarray} displayed equation. \nonumber Suppresses the numbering of a single line in a multiline equation. \begin{quasitable}, Environment to produce tables in text. See \end{quasitable} Sample B in the REVTEX guide for an example. \label{#1} #1 represents the tag. This command appears in displayed equations that need cross-referencing, all tables, and all figure captions. Also used following section headings that need cross-referencing. \ref{#1} #1 represents the tag. This command appears in text wherever sections, equations, tables, or figures are cited. \nonum Stifles numbering of the immediately following section heading. \acknowledgments Sets a section heading for the acknowledgment section. \appendix{#1} Sets #1 as a lettered appendix heading. #1 can be empty. To be used when there are multiple appendixes. \protect should be used for fragile commands. Appendixes should not be started with \section{#1}. \unletteredappendix{#1} Same as \appendix, but produces no letter. To be used when there is only one appendix. \begin{references}, Signals beginning or end of reference section. \end{references} \bibitem[#1]{#2} Sets a reference in the reference section. #1 represents an optional, author-specified reference symbol. This is used for byline footnotes, which are not numbered in Physical Review. #2 represents the reference tag. \figure{#1\label{#2}} Sets the figure caption. #1 represents the text of the caption. #2 represents the figure caption tag. \newpage Signals start of new page. \begin{table}, Signals the beginning or end of a table. \end{table} \dec #1.#2 This command may be used for simple decimal-point alignments in tables. #1.#2 represents a number to be aligned by the decimal point. The decimal point and a space after #2 are mandatory. \dec uses constant-width boxes for #1 and #2. For best results you can set the widths with \setdec. See Sample A. (R) \setdec #1.#2 This command is used to set the amount of space reserved on each side of the decimal point by the \dec command. Use \setdec inside a table to set the size of \dec for the numbers used in that table only, or outside a table to set the size globally. \setdec 000.000 is the default. See Sample Compuscript A. (R) \squeezetable Used immediately after \begin{table}, shrinks tables that would not otherwise fit. (R) \caption{#1} Sets the table caption. #1 represents the text of the caption. \begin{tabular}{#1} Signals the beginning of the tabular material. #1 represents formatting commands for the columns. \tableline Sets a horizontal rule, separating column headings from data. (R) \end{tabular} Signals end of tabular material. \tablenotes{#1} Sets footnotes to the table. #1 represents text of footnote. These footnotes are not autonumbered: text of footnote must be preceded by a roman letter in a superscript to coincide with the citation in table. (R) \end{verbatim} \widetext \newpage \appendix{Upgrading to {\em REVTEX\/} 2.0} \label{sec:upgrade} \catcode`\@=11 \def\alt{\mathrel{\mathpalette\vereq<}} \def\vereq#1#2{\lower3pt\vbox{\baselineskip1.5pt \lineskip1.5pt \ialign{$\m@th#1\hfill##\hfil$\crcr#2\crcr\sim\crcr}}} \def\agt{\mathrel{\mathpalette\vereq>}} \def\openone{\leavevmode \hbox{\small1\kern\iftwelvepointon-3.8pt\else-3.3pt\fi\@normalsize1}% } \def\xxx{\leavevmode\hbox{\tt\char`\ }} % visible space \catcode`\@=12 % \begin{table} \caption{This table is a summary of the new commands and capabilities of {\em REVTEX\/} 2.0. \xxx\ denotes an input space. See the {\em REVTEX\/} 2.0 manual for examples of usage. {\bf Note}: if you wish to run {\em REVTEX\/} 2.0 on files formatted with an old version, you should first delete the {\tt.aux} file. The auxiliary-file formats are incompatible.} \begin{tabular}{lp{12cm}} \tt\string eqsecnum& This style option replaces the old \verb+\math-with-secnums+ command. \\[4pt] \tt\string \tightenlines& This command has been added since the preprint style now produces double-spaced output. This command, placed before the \verb+\begin{document}+, will give {\em single}-spaced output in the preprint style. This may be more convenient for the author while the paper is being written. \\[4pt] \tt\string \preprint\{\#1\}&This command should be used just before the title. It will place its argument in the upper-right corner of the page. To be used for site-specific information (e.g., preprint numbers).\\[4pt] title environment& You now need to break the lines of the title with \verb=\\=. The title is not set in boldface. \\[4pt] \tt\string \author\{\#1\}& The author list will be broken automatically if it does not fit on one line. Breaks can be forced with \verb+\\+. \\[4pt] \tt\string \moreauthors\{\#1\}& This command is no longer needed. It has been set equal to {\tt\string\authors\{\#1\}}. \\[4pt] instit environment& Line breaks must now be forced with \verb+\\+.\\[4pt] \tt\string \onlinecite\{\#1\}& This will produce a reference citation with the number on line with the text. Can also be used as {\tt\string\citenum\{\#1\}}. These commands and \verb+\cite+ all collapse lists automatically. \\[4pt] \tt\string \overlay\{\#1\}\{\#2\} & To print two symbols on top of each other.\\[4pt] \tt\string \FR & This command will flush an equation or eqnarray to the right in galley mode.\\[4pt] \tt\string\eqnum\{\#1\}& Now accepts any legal number as an argument, including primes, etc. Can be used in eqnarrays and equations and with \verb+\label+ and \verb+\ref+. This is transparent to the normal autonumbering.\\[4pt] mathletters environment & This is an environment to ``number'' equations with letters; e.g., (1a),(1b),(1c). Works with equations and eqnarrays. \\[4pt] \verb+\openone+& Produces an openface one (\openone).\\[4pt] \verb+\alt,\agt+ & Produce $\alt$,$\agt$ in math mode.\\[4pt] \vtop{\hbox{\verb+\begin{quasitable},+} \vskip2pt\hbox{\verb+\end{quasitable}+}} & Environment to produce tables in text. See Sample B in the {\em REVTEX} guide for an example.\\[4pt] \vtop{\hbox{\tt\string\section\{\#1\}, \string\subsection\{\#1\},} \vskip2pt \hbox{\tt\string\subsubsection\{\#1\}}}& All can now be broken with \verb+\\+, and all work with \verb+\label+ and \verb+\ref+. {\tt\string\protect} is needed (and works) with fragile commands in headings. Not bold.\\[4pt] \tt\string \acknowledgments& Produces a heading for the acknowledgments. \\[4pt] \tt\string \appendix\{\#1\}& Used for the appendix headings in a paper with more than one appendix. Automatically produces letters in sequence, and uses the letter in equation numbers. Works with \verb+\label+ and \verb+\ref+. Fragile commands need to be {\tt\string\protect}'d. The curly brackets must be present, but may be empty. Not bold.\\[4pt] \tt\string \unletteredappendix\{\#1\}& Similar to \verb+\appendix+, but produces no letter. Should be used when there is a single appendix in a paper. \\[4pt] \tt\string \bibitem & The optional argument is now truly optional. The references will now all be numbered automatically, and no arguments in square brackets should be used except where byline footnotes are needed. \\[4pt] table environment & LaTeX's @ command for specifying a tabular format has been re-enabled inside a table environment. This allows authors to align columns by the LaTeX trick of smashing two columns together (see Sample Compuscript A). Tables no longer produce monolithic boxes. Instead the output is much more like lines of regular text, allowing tables to break over pages. \\[4pt] \tt\string \setdec\xxx \#1.\#2\xxx & This command is used to set the amount of space reserved on each side of the period by the \verb+\dec+ command. See Sample Compuscript A.\\[4pt] \tt\string\squeezetable & There may be tables that will not fit in the width provided by the preprint style. Inserting this command right after the table environment begins will shrink the type in a table, helping it to fit. %\tt\string & \\[4pt] %\tt\string & \\ \end{tabular} \end{table} \narrowtext \newpage \appendix{FAST FACTS FOR NEW PARTICIPANTS} \label{sec:fastfacts} Since 1980 the American Physical Society has been accepting computer files from authors and using those files (``compuscripts'') in the preparation of their galleys. In 1987 a research and development effort was launched to expand this service to include \TeX -formatted compuscripts. We have been publishing \TeX\ compuscripts since 1988. \medskip {\bf Benefits to Author: Reduced Proofreading}. Since galleys are composed from virtually the same file that produced the manuscript, proofreading time can be reduced significantly. \medskip {\bf How to Qualify: Use {\em REVTEX} or \LaTeX\ Macros}. The APS has developed a ``compuscript toolbox,'' which is composed of macros, a {\em Physical Review Input Guide for \TeX\ Author-Prepared Compuscripts}, a {\em Style and Notation Guide}, and complete instructions on how to install the macros. The toolbox is designed to guide the author in the preparation of a manuscript for the {\em Physical Review}. \medskip {\bf Which Journals are Participants?} Papers submitted to {\em Physical Review A, B, C,\/} or {\em D\/} may qualify. \medskip {\bf Media for Compuscripts}. We can process files received via electronic mail, DOS formatted floppy disk, and even magnetic tapes from UNIX systems. \medskip {\bf How to Participate}. Indicate your interest in your cover letter when you make your {\bf original} submission. We will contact you to confirm file qualification. Then we will contact you if your manuscript is accepted for publication to arrange file transfer. \medskip {\bf Obtaining the Toolbox and More Information}. Contact \medskip Peggy Sutherland APS Liaison Office 500 Sunnyside Boulevard Woodbury, New York~~11797 \medskip (516) 349-7800, ext.\ 674 \medskip E mail address: {\tt mis@apsedoff} \appendix{COMMON AUTHOR QUESTIONS} \label{sec:macros} {\bf Page Charges.} Historically, page charges for compuscripts have fluctuated. The Council has, at various points over the ten-year history of the program, voted for reduced page charges, the elimination of page charges, and full page charges for compuscripts. At press time, compuscripts were subject to full page charges. \bigskip {\bf Macros.} Some authors use specialized definitions, or macros, in their files. These definitions serve different purposes: some macros save the author from typing a long character string repetitively (Type 1), and some macros act as commands to the \TeX\ program or the troff program (Type 2). \smallskip {\bf How macros become problematic.} Type-1 macros enable the author to define a frequently occurring string of characters as a shorter string, in order to save typing time. These macros become problematic at production stage when the frequently occurring string needs stylistic or grammatical changes. At that point, the production of the compuscript requires either (1) evaluation by a staff member who is fluent in macro construction, because the macro will need to changed, or (2) additional attention by a staff member who will change every occurrence of the string manually in the file. Neither one of the two alternatives is in the spirit of the compuscript program: the author of the compuscript will need to proofread the galleys very carefully, and production time/cost has become inflated by processing as a compuscript! Type-2 macros enable the author to give commands to the \TeX\ program. Authors need to do this when the macro package they are using does not contain a command that they need. Type-2 macros frequently occur in \LaTeX\ compuscripts. This is because the macros do not provide for certain elements of {\em Physical Review} style; for instance, letters in equation numbers. Authors who are using \LaTeX\ to compose their compuscripts would need to develop a command that would number their equations (1a), (1b), etc. Type-2 macros should not occur in {\em REVTEX\/} compuscripts. The {\em REVTEX\/} macros ideally represent a complete command set, allowing the author to do anything that Physical Review style allows. Since our first release of {\em REVTEX\/}, some authors have given us feedback on macros that they would like included in the {\em REVTEX\/} package, as well as changes they would like made. Some of these suggestions are feasible (accurate double spacing) and some are not (the ability to draw many horizontal lines within the tabular environment). Relevant suggestions have been incorporated in v2.0 of {\em REVTEX\/}. The APS will review compuscripts containing Type-2 macros when authors feel that they have found a deficiency in {\em REVTEX\/}. {\bf Authors should remove all macros from their compuscripts.} Type-1 macros are easy to remove, with the aid of a word processor which is equipped to do global substitutions. Type-2 macros are not easy to remove; authors may not be able to do so and therefore will be ineligible for the compuscript program. This of course does not prevent them from making their original submission electronically. This represents the current policy for compuscript page charges and macro usage, which is subject to change. If you have any questions regarding these issues please contact the authors of this guide. \appendix{CONTACTS} \label{sec:contacts} \vskip.5pc \begin{quasitable} \begin{tabular}{p{1.5in}p{1.5in}} \noindent{\bf REVTEX \mbox{questions/}\par technical support$^*$}\par \vskip4pt\hrule width1.5in\vskip4pt C.\ Hamlin \par {\tt mis@apsedoff}\par \vskip4pt P.\ Sutherland\par {\tt mis@apsedoff}\par & \noindent{\bf Electronic mail\par submissions$^{**}$}\par \vskip4pt\hrule width1.5in\vskip4pt L.\ Siddons \par {\tt tex@apsedoff}\par \\[.75pc] \noindent{\bf \mbox{Policy questions$^*$}\par} \vskip4pt\hrule width1.5in\vskip4pt C.\ Hamlin \par P.\ Sutherland\par & \noindent{\bf Manuscript status\par queries$^{**}$}\par \vskip4pt\hrule width1.5in\vskip4pt \tt pra@apsedoff\par prb@apsedoff\par prc@apsedoff\par prd@apsedoff\par \\[.75pc] \noindent{\bf MIS project\par development questions$^*$}\par \vskip4pt\hrule width1.5in\vskip4pt P.\ Sutherland\par & \end{tabular} \end{quasitable} \noindent $^*$American Physical Society Liaison Office, 500 Sunnyside Boulevard, Woodbury NY 11797. \smallskip \noindent$^{**}$Editorial Offices, 1 Research Road, Ridge, NY 11961. \end{document} % % %